Policy:User-Agent policy/zh: Difference between revisions
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Created page with "不要拷貝瀏覽器上的的客戶代理字符串，行爲像機械人但是具有瀏覽器的客戶代理的行爲將被視爲有害。<ref>[$ref4url User-Agent:]</ref>亦..." |
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If you run an automated agent, please consider following the Internet-wide convention of including the string "bot" in the User-Agent string, in any combination of lowercase or uppercase letters. This is recognized by Wikimedia's systems, and used to classify traffic and provide more accurate statistics. |
If you run an automated agent, please consider following the Internet-wide convention of including the string "bot" in the User-Agent string, in any combination of lowercase or uppercase letters. This is recognized by Wikimedia's systems, and used to classify traffic and provide more accurate statistics. |
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不要拷貝瀏覽器上的的客戶代理字符串，行爲像機械人但是具有瀏覽器的客戶代理的行爲將被視爲有害。<ref>[//lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/wikitech-l/2010-February/046783.html [Wikitech-l] User-Agent:]</ref>亦不要使用通用代理，例如“curl”、“lwp”和“Python-urllib”等等。像pywikibot這樣的大型框架有很多用戶在用，僅僅使用“pywikibot”很可能比較模糊。在其中包含具體任務、脚本等細節通常是個好主意，即使這些信息對操作者外的其他人是模糊的。<ref>{{cite web|url=http://lists.wikimedia.org/pipermail/mediawiki-api/2014-July/003308.html|title=Clarification on what is needed for "identifying the bot" in bot user-agent?|publisher=Mediawiki-api|author=Anomie|date=31 July 2014}}</ref> |
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For more information, please refer to the [[mw:API:Quick start guide#Identifying your client|MediaWiki API Documentation]].<ref>As an example (among [[mw:API:Quick_start_guide#Identifying_your_client|other examples]]) of how to set a user-agent, in PHP, one [http://php.net/manual/en/function.curl-setopt.php might use] the following, if one's cURL handle is <code>$ch</code>:<source lang="php">curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT ,'CoolToolName/0.0 (https://example.org/CoolTool/; CoolTool@example.org) UsedBaseLibrary/0.0');</source></ref> |
For more information, please refer to the [[mw:API:Quick start guide#Identifying your client|MediaWiki API Documentation]].<ref>As an example (among [[mw:API:Quick_start_guide#Identifying_your_client|other examples]]) of how to set a user-agent, in PHP, one [http://php.net/manual/en/function.curl-setopt.php might use] the following, if one's cURL handle is <code>$ch</code>:<source lang="php">curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT ,'CoolToolName/0.0 (https://example.org/CoolTool/; CoolTool@example.org) UsedBaseLibrary/0.0');</source></ref> |
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Revision as of 21:30, 16 December 2018
 | This page is purely informative, reflecting the current state of affairs. To discuss this topic, please use the wikitech-l mailing list. |
自2015年始，大體從技術上對用戶代理(user agent)不作强制要求，但是在某些特定情況下依然需要。[1]
自2015年二月15日起，Wikimedia對所有請求要求一個HTTP User-Agent 請求頭。技術組成員做出此項執行要求，并且在技術郵件組中發佈并討論了這個決定[2][3]。對此的解釋是沒有在請求中包含User-Agent字符串的客戶端基本都是運行有錯誤的代碼，并且給服務器造成很多負擔，而沒有對這個維基項目做出貢獻。注意一些語言中包含的沒有説明作用的User-Agent默認值亦將會被Wikimedia網站屏蔽（或者其一部分，例如api.php頁面），例如Perl語言的libwww庫。
不提供User-Agent請求頭的客戶代理（瀏覽器或脚本）現在可能會遇到如下所示之錯誤訊息：
- Scripts should use an informative User-Agent string with contact information, or they may be IP-blocked without notice.
提供被拉黑的User-Agent（例如任何以“lwp”開頭的User-Agent字符串）的客戶代理可能會遇到如下不太有用的錯誤訊息：
- Our servers are currently experiencing a technical problem. This is probably temporary and should be fixed soon. Please try again in a few minutes.
This change is most likely to affect scripts (bots) accessing Wikimedia websites such as Wikipedia automatically, via api.php or otherwise, and command line programs.[4] If you run a bot, please send a User-Agent header identifying the bot with an identifier that isn't going to be confused with many other bots, and supplying some way of contacting you (e.g. a userpage on the local wiki, a userpage on a related wiki using interwiki linking syntax, a URI for a relevant external website, or an email address), e.g.:
User-Agent: CoolToolName/0.0 (https://example.org/CoolTool/; CoolTool@example.org) UsedBaseLibrary/0.0
The generic format is <client name>/<version> (<contact information>) <library/framework name>/<version> [<library name>/<version> ...]. Parts that are not applicable can be omitted.
If you run an automated agent, please consider following the Internet-wide convention of including the string "bot" in the User-Agent string, in any combination of lowercase or uppercase letters. This is recognized by Wikimedia's systems, and used to classify traffic and provide more accurate statistics.
不要拷貝瀏覽器上的的客戶代理字符串，行爲像機械人但是具有瀏覽器的客戶代理的行爲將被視爲有害。[5]亦不要使用通用代理，例如“curl”、“lwp”和“Python-urllib”等等。像pywikibot這樣的大型框架有很多用戶在用，僅僅使用“pywikibot”很可能比較模糊。在其中包含具體任務、脚本等細節通常是個好主意，即使這些信息對操作者外的其他人是模糊的。[6]
For more information, please refer to the MediaWiki API Documentation.[7]
Web browsers generally send a User-Agent string automatically; if you encounter the above error, please refer to your browser's manual to find out how to set the User-Agent string. Note that some plugins or proxies for privacy enhancement may suppress this header. However, for anonymous surfing, it is recommended to send a generic User-Agent string, instead of suppressing it or sending an empty string. Note that other features are much more likely to identify you to a website — if you are interested in protecting your privacy, visit the Panopticlick project.
Browser-based applications written in Flash or JavaScript are typically forced to send the same User-Agent header as the browser that hosts them. This is not a violation of policy, however such applications are encouraged to include the Api-User-Agent header to supply an appropriate agent.
備註
- ↑ http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.science.linguistics.wikipedia.technical/83870/
- ↑ The Wikitech-l February 2010 Archive by subject
- ↑ User-Agent: | Wikipedia | Wikitech
- ↑ API:FAQ - MediaWiki
- ↑ [Wikitech-l] User-Agent:
- ↑ Anomie (31 July 2014). "Clarification on what is needed for "identifying the bot" in bot user-agent?". Mediawiki-api.
- ↑ As an example (among other examples) of how to set a user-agent, in PHP, one might use the following, if one's cURL handle is
$ch:curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT ,'CoolToolName/0.0 (https://example.org/CoolTool/; CoolTool@example.org) UsedBaseLibrary/0.0');