Policy:User-Agent policy/uk: Difference between revisions
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{{notice|Ця сторінка носить виключно інформативний характер і відображає поточний стан справ. Щоб обговорити цю тему, скористайтеся [[Special:MyLanguage/Mailing lists|списком розсилки]] wikitech-l.}} |
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This page is purely informative, reflecting the current state of affairs. To discuss this topic, please use the wikitech-l [[Special:MyLanguage/Mailing lists|mailing list]]. |
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Revision as of 22:05, 29 September 2021
Ця сторінка носить виключно інформативний характер і відображає поточний стан справ. Щоб обговорити цю тему, скористайтеся списком розсилки wikitech-l. |
As of February 15, 2010, Wikimedia sites require a HTTP User-Agent header for all requests. This was an operative decision made by the technical staff and was announced and discussed on the technical mailing list.[1][2] The rationale is, that clients that do not send a User-Agent string are mostly ill behaved scripts that cause a lot of load on the servers, without benefiting the projects. User-Agent strings that begin with non-descriptive default values, such python-requests/x
, may also be blocked from Wikimedia sites (or parts of a website, e.g. api.php
).
Requests (e.g. from browsers or scripts) that do not send a descriptive User-Agent header, may encounter an error message like this:
- Scripts should use an informative User-Agent string with contact information, or they may be blocked without notice.
Requests from disallowed user agents may instead encounter a less helpful error message like this:
- Our servers are currently experiencing a technical problem. Please try again in a few minutes.
This change is most likely to affect scripts (bots) accessing Wikimedia websites such as Wikipedia automatically, via api.php or otherwise, and command line programs.[3] If you run a bot, please send a User-Agent header identifying the bot with an identifier that isn't going to be confused with many other bots, and supplying some way of contacting you (e.g. a userpage on the local wiki, a userpage on a related wiki using interwiki linking syntax, a URI for a relevant external website, or an email address), e.g.:
User-Agent: CoolTool/0.0 (https://example.org/cool-tool/; cool-tool@example.org) generic-library/0.0
The generic format is <client name>/<version> (<contact information>) <library/framework name>/<version> [<library name>/<version> ...]
. Parts that are not applicable can be omitted.
If you run an automated agent, please consider following the Internet-wide convention of including the string "bot" in the User-Agent string, in any combination of lowercase or uppercase letters. This is recognized by Wikimedia's systems, and used to classify traffic and provide more accurate statistics.
Do not copy a browser's user agent for your bot, as bot-like behavior with a browser's user agent will be assumed malicious.[4] Do not use generic agents such as "curl", "lwp", "Python-urllib", and so on. For large frameworks like pywikibot, there are so many users that just "pywikibot" is likely to be somewhat vague. Including detail about the specific task/script/etc would be a good idea, even if that detail is opaque to anyone besides the operator.[5]
For more information, please refer to the MediaWiki API Documentation.[6]
Web browsers generally send a User-Agent string automatically; if you encounter the above error, please refer to your browser's manual to find out how to set the User-Agent string. Note that some plugins or proxies for privacy enhancement may suppress this header. However, for anonymous surfing, it is recommended to send a generic User-Agent string, instead of suppressing it or sending an empty string. Note that other features are much more likely to identify you to a website — if you are interested in protecting your privacy, visit the Panopticlick project.
Browser-based applications written in Flash or JavaScript are typically forced to send the same User-Agent header as the browser that hosts them. This is not a violation of policy, however such applications are encouraged to include the Api-User-Agent
header to supply an appropriate agent.
As of 2015, Wikimedia sites do not reject all page views and API requests from clients that do not set a User-Agent header. As such, the requirement is not automatically enforced. Rather, it may be enforced in specific cases as needed.
Notes
- ↑ The Wikitech-l February 2010 Archive by subject
- ↑ User-Agent: | Wikipedia | Wikitech
- ↑ API:FAQ - MediaWiki
- ↑ [Wikitech-l] User-Agent:
- ↑ Anomie (31 July 2014). "Clarification on what is needed for "identifying the bot" in bot user-agent?". Mediawiki-api.
- ↑ As an example (among other examples) of how to set a user-agent, in PHP, one might use the following, if one's cURL handle is
$ch
:curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_USERAGENT , 'CoolTool/0.0 (https://example.org/cool-tool/; cool-tool@example.org) generic-library/0.0');
- ↑ gmane.science.linguistics.wikipedia.technical/83870 (deadlink)
See also
- Policy for crawlers and bots that wish to operate on Wikimedia websites